The problems customers have now, and the ones the market is about to give them
Identifying the problems customers face, evidenced and attributed, and separating them cleanly from the ones the market is about to create. The unit of analysis is the problem — not the customer, and not the solution.
The two horizons are held apart deliberately. Observed problems must trace to a named participant, ticket or session; anticipated problems are inference, and carry the driver chain that produced them plus the signal that would falsify them. Solution design and opportunity scoring sit downstream — this work supplies the evidence, it does not pick winners.